[Resources and utilization of medicinal plants in countries and regions involved in "the Belt and Road" Initiative].

The protection, development, and utilization of medicinal plant resources are important cornerstones of maintaining human health. However, due to factors such as the reduction of high-quality land resources, deterioration of ecological environments, and excessive and disorderly resource development, medicinal plant resources are becoming scarce, and some of them are insufficiently supplied. With the proposal of "the Belt and Road" Initiative, the cooperation between China and "the Belt and Road" partners(the countries and regions involved in "the Belt and Road" Initiative)is increasingly close, which provides a new opportunity for carrying out trade of medicinal plant resources and alleviating the problem of imbalance and relative inadequacy of medicinal plant resources in countries. This study first determined the distribution and species information of plant resources in countries and regions involved in "the Belt and Road" Initiative by investigating the database of plant distribution and that of medicinal plant resources. Then, according to the published data from the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora(CITES), this study identified the rare and endangered medicinal plants and the medicinal plants under trade control in countries and regions involved in "the Belt and Road" Initiative and finally sorted out the list of potential medicinal plant resources in countries and regions involved in "the Belt and Road" Initiative that can be used by China. This data resource can not only be used for the overall protection of important endangered species but also scientifically guide the development and utilization of medicinal resources, providing guidance and a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of medicinal plant resources in countries and regions involved in "the Belt and Road" Initiative.

Calculation and measurement of trapping stiffness in femtosecond optical tweezers.

Due to the characteristics of ultra-short pulse width and ultra-high peak power, femtosecond pulse laser can effectively induce nonlinear optical effects in trapped objects. As a result, it holds great value in the fields of micro and nano manipulation, microfluidics, and cell biology. However, the nonlinear optical effects on the stiffness of femtosecond optical traps remain unclear. Calibration of trap stiffness is crucial for accurately measuring forces and manipulating small particles. In this paper, we compare the stiffness between femtosecond optical traps and continuous wave optical traps. Experimental results demonstrate that the stiffness of the femtosecond optical trap in the splitting direction is greater than that in other directions and the stiffness of the continuous wave optical trap under the same laser power condition. Additionally, as the laser power increases, the stiffnesses of both the femtosecond optical trap and the continuous wave optical trap gradually increases. In contrast to a linear increase of the continuous wave optical trap, the stiffness of the femtosecond optical trap exhibits an exponential rise with increasing laser power. This research provides guidance and reference for improving the force measurement accuracy of femtosecond optical tweezer system.

Pathologically successful conversion hepatectomy for advanced giant hepatocellular carcinoma after multidisciplinary therapy: A case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of death due to its complexity, heterogeneity, rapid metastasis and easy recurrence after surgical resection. We demonstrated that combination therapy with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC), Epclusa, Lenvatinib and Sintilimab is useful for patients with advanced HCC. CASE SUMMARY: A 69-year-old man who was infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) 30 years previously was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain. Enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a low-density mass in the right lobe of the liver, with a volume of 12.9 cm × 9.4 cm × 15 cm, and the mass exhibited a "fast-in/fast-out" pattern, with extensive filling defect areas in the right branch of the portal vein and an alpha-fetoprotein level as high as 657 ng/mL. Therefore, he was judged to have advanced HCC. During treatment, the patient received three months of Epclusa, three TACE treatments, two HAIC treatments, three courses of sintilimab, and twenty-one months of lenvatinib. In the third month of treatment, the patient developed severe side effects and had to stop immunotherapy, and the Lenvatinib dose had to be halved. Postoperative pathological diagnosis indicated a complete response. The patient recovered well after the operation, and no tumor recurrence was found. CONCLUSION: Multidisciplinary conversion therapy for advanced enormous HCC caused by HCV infection has a significant effect. Individualized drug adjustments should be made during any treatment according to the patient's tolerance to treatment.

Association of serum uric acid with right cardiac chamber remodeling assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking in patients with connective tissue disease.

Background: Right cardiac chamber remodeling is widespread in patients with connective tissue disease (CTD). Serum uric acid (SUA) is considered a potential independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and elevated SUA levels are often observed in patients with CTD. The correlation between SUA levels and right cardiac chamber remodeling remains unclear. This study investigated the association of SUA with right cardiac chamber remodeling as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance feature-tracking (CMR-FT) in CTD patients. Methods and results: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 104 CTD patients and 52 age- and sex-matched controls were consecutively recruited. All individuals underwent CMR imaging, and their SUA levels were recorded. The patients were divided into three subgroups based on the tertiles of SUA level in the present study. CMR-FT was used to evaluate the right atrial (RA) longitudinal strain and strain rate parameters as well as right ventricular (RV) global systolic peak strain and strain rate in longitudinal and circumferential directions for each subject. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to explore the association of SUA with RV and RA strain parameters. Compared with the controls, the CTD patients showed significantly higher SUA levels but a lower RV global circumferential strain (GCS) and RA phasic strain parameters (all p < 0.05), except the RA booster strain rate. RV GCS remained impaired even in CTD patients with preserved RV ejection fraction. Among subgroups, the patients in the third tertile had significantly impaired RV longitudinal strain (GLS), RV GCS, and RA reservoir and conduit strain compared with those in the first tertile (all p < 0.05). The SUA levels were negatively correlated with RV GLS and RV GCS as well as with RA reservoir and conduit strain and strain rates (the absolute values of ß were 0.250 to 0.293, all P < 0.05). In the multivariable linear regression analysis, the SUA level was still an independent determinant of RA conduit strain (ß = -0.212, P = 0.035) and RV GCS (ß = 0.207, P = 0.019). Conclusion: SUA may be a potential risk factor of right cardiac chamber remodeling and is independently associated with impaired RA conduit strain and RV GCS in CTD patients.

The Effectiveness of Exercise-based Rehabilitation in People with Hand Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of exercise-based rehabilitation programs compared with non-exercise intervention or no intervention for people with hand osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN: Intervention systematic review with meta-analysis. LITERATURE SEARCH: We searched five databases on 23/07/2023. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized controlled trials that compared the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs that included an exercise component, with non-exercise intervention or no intervention for people with hand OA. DATA SYNTHESIS: Standardized mean differences (SMD) were pooled using a random effects model. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: Fourteen trials were included in the meta-analysis (n = 1341 participants). In the immediate-term (<24 weeks) there was low-certainty evidence of an effect of exercise-based rehabilitation on improving pain (13 trials; SMD -0.65, 95%CI: -1.06, -0.25), function (11 trials; SMD -0.35, 95%CI: -0.54, -0.15), and grip strength (14 trials; SMD 0.21, 95%CI: 0.03, 0.38). There was moderate-certainty evidence of an effect on reducing stiffness (7 trials; SMD -0.33, 95%CI: -0.51, -0.16). There was low-certainty evidence of no effect on improving pinch strength and quality of life. For the long-term ⩾24 weeks), there was low-certainty evidence that exercise-based rehabilitation had no additional effect on improving pain, function, and stiffness. CONCLUSION: Exercise-based rehabilitation improved pain, function, stiffness, and grip strength in people with hand OA in the immediate-term; the benefits were not maintained in the long-term.

Values in Action: Unveiling the Impact of Self-Transcendence and Self-Enhancement on Domestic Consumption Choices.

Against the backdrop of a global emphasis on supporting local businesses and fostering domestic consumption, this study aims to shed light on the influence of personal values on the intentions behind domestic-product consumption. Drawing from the Schwartz value theory, we explore how values of self-transcendence, which embody benevolence and universalism, versus self-enhancement, characterized by a focus on power and achievement, influence consumer behavior. Utilizing data from the Chinese Social Survey (CSS2021) and a survey of 316 participants, structural equation modeling and Dematel analysis are employed to reveal causal relationships between values and consumption intentions. We reveal a dichotomous impact of these value orientations. Self-transcendence values are found to positively affect domestic consumption intentions by enhancing awareness of consequence and ascription of responsibility, thereby strengthening personal norms. In contrast, self-enhancement values tend to impede these intentions. By integrating the Norm-Activation Model (NAM), this study comprehensively uncovers the unique mechanism through which values activate personal norms and subsequently encourage the consumption of domestic products. It enriches the body of research related to values and domestic consumption and offers pertinent recommendations for promoting local enterprises' products.

Home-based vs center-based exercise on patient-reported and performance-based outcomes for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: Home-based exercise (HBE) represents an alternative to increase the accessibility of rehabilitation programs and relieve the burden on the health care system for people with knee osteoarthritis. Objectives: To summarize for the first time the effectiveness of HBE as compared to center-based exercise (CBE), both with and without HBE, on patient-reported and performance-based outcomes in people with KOA. Methods: Searches were conducted on PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus until March 10, 2023, without date or language restrictions. Randomized controlled trials investigating HBE versus CBE or HBE combined with CBE for people with KOA were eligible. The primary outcomes were patient-reported: pain, physical disability, and quality of life. The secondary outcomes were performance-based: walking ability, lower limb muscle strength, and balance function. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and quality of evidence according to the GRADE. Results: Eleven trials involving 956 participants were included. There was no difference in short-term pain (SMD, 0.22 [95% CI, -0.04 to 0.47], p = 0.09; I2 = 0%), physical disability (SMD, 0.17 [95% CI, -0.19 to 0.54], p = 0.35; I2 = 0%), walking ability (SMD, -0.21 [95% CI, -0.64 to 0.22], p = 0.33; I2 = 35%) and lower limb muscle strength (SMD, -0.24 [95% CI, -0.88 to 0.41], p = 0.47; I2 = 69%) between HBE and CBE. HBE combined with CBE has better benefits compared with HBE alone in short-term pain (SMD, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.60 to 1.17], p < 0.001; I2 = 11%) and physical disability (SMD, 0.25 [95% CI, 0.00 to 0.50], p = 0.05; I2 = 0%). Conclusion: Based on limited evidence, HBE is as effective as CBE on short-term pain, physical disability, walking ability, and lower limb muscle strength in people with knee osteoarthritis. Furthermore, combining HBE with CBE may enhance the overall efficacy of the intervention. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO, CRD42023416548.

A tough and bioadhesive injectable hydrogel formed with maleimidyl alginate and pristine gelatin.

Injectable hydrogels have wide applications in clinical practice. However, the development of tough and bioadhesive ones based on biopolymers, along with biofriendly and robust crosslinking strategies, still represents a great challenge. Herein, we report an injectable hydrogel composed of maleimidyl alginate and pristine gelatin, for which the precursor solutions could self-crosslink via mild Michael-type addition without any catalyst or external energy upon mixing. This hydrogel is tough and bioadhesive, which can maintain intactness as well as adherence to the defect of porcine skin under fierce bending and twisting, warm water bath, and boiling water shower. Besides, it is biocompatible, bioactive and biodegradable, which could support the growth and remodeling of cells by affording an extracellular matrix-like environment. As a proof of application, we demonstrate that this hydrogel could significantly accelerate diabetic skin wound healing, thereby holding great potential in healthcare.

From "resistance genes expression" to "horizontal migration" as well as over secretion of Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Sludge microorganism's response to the increasing of long-term disinfectant stress.

Glutaraldehyde-Didecyldimethylammonium bromides (GDs) has been frequently and widely employed in livestock and poultry breeding farms to avoid epidemics such as African swine fever, but its long-term effect on the active sludge microorganisms of the receiving wastewater treatment plant was keep unclear. Four simulation systems were built here to explore the performance of aerobic activated sludge with the long-term exposure of GDs and its mechanism by analyzing water qualities, resistance genes, extracellular polymeric substances and microbial community structure. The results showed that the removal rates of CODCr and ammonia nitrogen decreased with the exposure concentration of GDs increasing. It is worth noting that long-term exposure to GDs can induce the horizontal transfer and coordinated expression of a large number of resistance genes, such as qacE, sul1, tetx, and int1, in drug-resistant microorganisms. Additionally, it promotes the secretion of more extracellular proteins, including arginine, forming a "barrier-like" protection. Therefore, long-term exposure to disinfectants can alter the treatment capacity of activated sludge receiving systems, and the abundance of resistance genes generated through horizontal transfer and coordinated expression by drug-resistant microorganisms does pose a significant threat to ecosystems and health. It is recommended to develop effective pretreatment methods to eliminate disinfectants.

SARS-CoV-2 Infection Causes Heightened Disease Severity and Mortality in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome.

Recent epidemiological studies suggest that individuals with Down syndrome are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and have higher rates of hospitalization and mortality than the general population. However, the main drivers behind these disparate health outcomes remain unknown. Herein, we performed experimental infections with SARS-CoV-2 in a well-established mouse model of Down syndrome. We observed similar SARS-CoV-2 replication kinetics and dissemination in the primary and secondary organs between mice with and without Down syndrome, suggesting that both groups have similar susceptibilities to SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, Down syndrome mice exhibited more severe disease as defined by clinical features including symptoms, weight loss, pulmonary function, and survival of mice. We found that increased disease severity in Down syndrome mice could not be attributed solely to increased infectivity or a more dramatic pro-inflammatory response to infection. Rather, results from RNA sequencing suggested that differences in the expression of genes from other physiological pathways, such as deficient oxidative phosphorylation, cardiopulmonary dysfunction, and deficient mucociliary clearance in the lungs may also contribute to heightened disease severity and mortality in Down syndrome mice following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Elevated dorsal medial prefrontal cortex to lateral habenula pathway activity mediates chronic stress-induced depressive and anxiety-like behaviors.

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) sends projections to numerous brain regions and is believed to play a significant role in depression and anxiety. One of the key downstream targets of the mPFC, the lateral habenula (LHb), is essential for chronic stress (CS)-induced depressive and anxiety-like behaviors. Nevertheless, whether the mPFC-LHb pathway mediates the co-occurrence of depression and anxiety and the underlying mechanism remain incompletely understood. Here, using chemogenetics, we first determined that activation of LHb-projecting mPFC neurons is essential for the development of depressive and anxiety-like behaviors induced by CS. Subsequently, we identify the extent and distribution of LHb-projecting neurons originating from the mPFC subregion. Through circuit-specific in vivo fiber photometry, we found that Ca2+ activity in dorsal mPFC (dmPFC) axon terminals within the LHb was increased during exposure to stressful and anxiety-related stimuli, highlighting the potential role of LHb-projecting dmPFC neurons in conveying stressful and anxiety-related information to the LHb. Finally, we observed that activation of both LHb-projecting dmPFC neurons and their postsynaptic counterparts in the LHb was necessary for CS-induced depressive and anxiety-like behaviors. Overall, this study provides multiple lines of evidence demonstrating that activation of the dmPFC-LHb pathway is a crucial neural circuitry for CS-induced depressive and anxiety-like behaviors.

A genomic variation map provides insights into peanut diversity in China and associations with 28 agronomic traits.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important allotetraploid oil and food legume crop. China is one of the world's largest peanut producers and consumers. However, genomic variations underlying the migration and divergence of peanuts in China remain unclear. Here we reported a genome-wide variation map based on the resequencing of 390 peanut accessions, suggesting that peanuts might have been introduced into southern and northern China separately, forming two cultivation centers. Selective sweep analysis highlights asymmetric selection between the two subgenomes during peanut improvement. A classical pedigree from South China offers a context for the examination of the impact of artificial selection on peanut genome. Genome-wide association studies identified 22,309 significant associations with 28 agronomic traits, including candidate genes for plant architecture and oil biosynthesis. Our findings shed light on peanut migration and diversity in China and provide valuable genomic resources for peanut improvement.

[Cloning and functional analysis of 3ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene involved in biosynthesis of digitoxin].

Digitoxin, an important secondary metabolite of Digitalis purpurea, is a commonly used cardiotonic in clinical practice. 3ß-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase(3ßHSD) is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of digitoxin. It belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase(SDR) family, playing a role in the biosynthesis of cardiac glycosides by oxidizing and isomerizing the precursor sterol. In this study, two 3ßHSD genes were cloned from D. purpurea. The results showed that the open reading frame(ORF) of Dp3ßHSD1 was 780 bp, encoding 259 amino acid residues. The ORF of Dp3ßHSD2 was 774 bp and encoded 257 residues. Dp3ßHSD1/2 had the cofactor binding site TGxxxA/GxG and the catalytic site YxxxK. In vitro experiments confirmed that Dp3ßHSD1/2 catalyzed the generation of progesterone from pregnenolone, and Dp3ßHSD1 had stronger catalytic capacity than Dp3ßHSD2. The expression level of Dp3ßHSD1 was much higher than that of Dp3ßHSD2 in leaves, and digitoxin was only accumulated in leaves. The results implied that Dp3ßHSD1 played a role in the dehydrogenation of pregnenolone to produce progesterone in the biosynthesis of digitoxin. This study provides a reference for further exploring the biosynthetic pathway of cardiac glycosides in D. purpurea.

Quality, Thermo-Rheology, and Microstructure Characteristics of Cubic Fat Substituted Pork Patties with Composite Emulsion Gel Composed of Konjac Glucomannan and Soy Protein Isolate.

Composite emulsion gel can effectively mimic animal adipose tissue. In this study, composite emulsion gels composed of soy protein isolates and konjac glucomannan (KGM) were prepared as plant-based cubic fat substitutes (CFS). The effects of CFS on the quality and structure of pork patties were investigated in terms of the proximate composition, lipid oxidation stability, technological characteristics, color, sensory attributes, texture, thermo-rheological behavior, and microstructure. CFS samples composed of various ratios of KGM were added to lean meat patties to ascertain the optimal CFS composition for its potential replacement of pork back fat in patties. The addition of CFS containing 7.0% KGM was found to decrease the hardness of the lean meat patties by 71.98% while simultaneously improving their sensory quality. The replacement of pork back fat with CFS also reduced the fat content of the patties to as little as 3.65%. Furthermore, the addition of CFS enhanced the technological characteristics, lipid oxidation stability, and surface color of the fat-replaced patties, with no significant impact on their overall acceptability. The gel network of the patties was shown to be fine and remained compact as the fat replacement ratio increased to 75%, while the texture parameters, storage modulus, and fractal dimension all increased. Quality and structure improvements may allow the composite emulsion gels to replace fat in pork patties to support a healthy diet. This study may be beneficial for the application and development of plant-based cubic fat substitutes.

3D-printed guides versus computer navigation for pedicle screw placement in the surgical treatment of congenital scoliosis deformities.

BACKGROUND: To compare the safety and clinical outcomes of 3D-printed guides versus computer navigation for pedicle screw placement in the correction of congenital scoliosis deformities. METHODS: The study was a single-centre retrospective controlled study and was approved by the hospital ethics committee for the analysis all patients under the age of 18 years with at least 2 years of follow-up. Sixty-three patients who underwent surgical correction for congenital scoliosis deformities in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2020 were divided into two groups based on the decision following preoperative doctor‒patient communication. Among them, 43 patients had pedicle screws placed with 3D-printed guider plates, while the remaining 20 patients had screws inserted with the assistance of computer navigation. The perioperative period, follow-up results and imaging data were compared between the groups. RESULTS: The operation was completed successfully for patients in both groups. The 3D-printed guide-assisted screw placement technique proved to be significantly superior to the computer navigation technique in terms of operation time, screw placement time, and intraoperative blood loss (p < .05), although the former had more frequent intraoperative fluoroscopies than the latter (p < .05). The mean follow-up time was 41.4 months, and the SRS-22 scores significantly improved in both groups over time postoperatively (p < .05). The 3D-printing group had better SRS-22 scores than the navigation group 6 months after surgery and at the last follow-up (p < .05). Compared with preoperative values, the coronal Cobb angle, local kyphotic Cobb angle, C7-S1 coronal deviation (C7PL-CSVL), and sagittal deviation (SVA) were significantly improved in both groups after surgery (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Both techniques achieve the purpose of precise screw placement and proper correction of the deformities. In contrast, the 3D-printed guide-assisted screw placement technique showed advantages in terms of operation time, screw placement time, intraoperative blood loss and patient satisfaction with outcomes.

Anti-allergic effect of vitamin C through inhibiting degranulation and regulating TH 1/TH 2 cell polarization.

BACKGROUND: Food allergy has become a global public health problem. This study aimed to explore the possible anti-allergic effect of vitamin C (VC). A rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 cell degranulation model was used to assess the effect of VC on degranulation in vitro, and an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced BALB/c mouse allergy model was used to assess the anti-allergy effect of VC in vivo. RESULTS: In vitro, VC significantly attenuated the release of ß-hexosaminidase, tryptase and histamine, and also reduced cytokine production (interleukins 4 and 6, tumor necrosis factor α) significantly (P < 0.05), with the inhibitory effect demonstrating a positive correlation with VC dose. In vivo, compared with the OVA group, the levels of serum immunoglobulins E and G1 of the VC low-dose (VCL) group (50 mg kg-1 ) and high-dose (VCH) group (200 mg·kg-1 ) were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the plasma histamine level was also significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Moreover, TH 2 cell polarization in mice of the VCL and VCH groups was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05), promoting the TH 1/TH 2 cell polarization balance. Additionally, VC treatment enhanced the expression of CD80 (P < 0.05) in spleen and small intestine tissues, while significantly inhibiting the expression of CD86 (P < 0.05); notably, high-dose VC treatment was more effective. CONCLUSION: VC exerted an anti-allergic effect through inhibiting degranulation and regulating TH 1/TH 2 cell polarization balance. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Mitochondrial quality control alterations and placenta-related disorders.

Mitochondria are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells. Normal maintenance of function is the premise and basis for various physiological activities. Mitochondrial dysfunction is commonly observed in a wide range of pathological conditions, such as neurodegenerative, metabolic, cardiovascular, and various diseases related to foetal growth and development. The placenta is a highly energy-dependent organ that acts as an intermediary between the mother and foetus and functions to maintain foetal growth and development. Recent studies have demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with placental disorders. Defects in mitochondrial quality control mechanisms may lead to preeclampsia and foetal growth restriction. In this review, we address the quality control mechanisms of mitochondria and the relevant pathologies of mitochondrial dysfunction in placenta-related diseases, such as preeclampsia and foetal growth restriction. This review also investigates the relation between mitochondrial dysfunction and placental disorders.

ScRNA-seq reveals dark- and light-induced differentially expressed gene atlases of seedling leaves in Arachis hypogaea L.

Although the regulatory mechanisms of dark and light-induced plant morphogenesis have been broadly investigated, the biological process in peanuts has not been systematically explored on single-cell resolution. Herein, 10 cell clusters were characterized using scRNA-seq-identified marker genes, based on 13 409 and 11 296 single cells from 1-week-old peanut seedling leaves grown under dark and light conditions. 6104 genes and 50 transcription factors (TFs) displayed significant expression patterns in distinct cell clusters, which provided gene resources for profiling dark/light-induced candidate genes. Further pseudo-time trajectory and cell cycle evidence supported that dark repressed the cell division and perturbed normal cell cycle, especially the PORA abundances correlated with 11 TFs highly enriched in mesophyll to restrict the chlorophyllide synthesis. Additionally, light repressed the epidermis cell developmental trajectory extending by inhibiting the growth hormone pathway, and 21 TFs probably contributed to the different genes transcriptional dynamic. Eventually, peanut AHL17 was identified from the profile of differentially expressed TFs, which encoded protein located in the nucleus promoted leaf epidermal cell enlargement when ectopically overexpressed in Arabidopsis through the regulatory phytohormone pathway. Overall, our study presents the different gene atlases in peanut etiolated and green seedlings, providing novel biological insights to elucidate light-induced leaf cell development at the single-cell level.

Resting cell formation in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana.

Resting cells represent a survival strategy employed by diatoms to endure prolonged periods of unfavourable conditions. In the oceans, many diatoms sink at the end of their blooming season and therefore need to endure cold and dark conditions in the deeper layers of the water column. How they survive these conditions is largely unknown. We conducted an integrative analysis encompassing methods from histology, physiology, biochemistry, and genetics to reveal the biological mechanism of resting-cell formation in the model diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Resting-cell formation was triggered by a decrease in light and temperature with subsequent catabolism of storage compounds. Resting cells were characterised by an acidic and viscous cytoplasm and altered morphology of the chloroplast ultrastructure. The formation of resting cells in T. pseudonana is an energy demanding process required for a biophysical alteration of the cytosol and chloroplasts to endure the unfavourable conditions of the deeper ocean as photosynthetic organisms. However, most resting cells (> 90%) germinate upon return to favorable growth conditions.

Parallel-Forms Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change of the Four Telerehabilitation Version Mobility-Related Function Scales in Stroke Survivors.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the parallel-forms reliability, minimal detectable change with 95% confidence interval (MDC95), and feasibility of the 4 telerehabilitation version mobility-related function scales: Fugl-Meyer Assessment-lower extremity subscale (Tele-FMA-LE), Berg Balance Scale (Tele-BBS), Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment-Gait subscale (Tele-POMA-G), and Rivermead Mobility Index (Tele-RMI). DESIGN: Reliability and agreement study and cross-sectional study. SETTING: Medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Stroke survivors' ability to independently walk 3 meters with assistive devices, age of ≥18 years for participants and their partners, stable physical condition, and absence of cognitive impairment (N=60). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Parallel-forms reliability and MDC95 of Tele-FMA-LE, Tele-BBS, Tele-POMA-G, and Tele-RMI. RESULTS: No significant differences (P>.05) were observed among the mean scores of the telerehabilitation version and face-to-face version mobility-related function scales. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) indicated good reliability for most scales, with Tele-FMA-LE, Tele-BBS, and Tele-RMI scores achieving values of 0.81, 0.78, and 0.84. Tele-POMA-G scores demonstrated moderate reliability (ICC=0.72). Weighted kappa (κw) showed good-to-excellent reliability for most individual items (κw>0.60). The MDCs of the Tele-FMA-LE, Tele-BBS, Tele-POMA-G, and Tele-RMI were 5.84, 8.10, 2.74, and 1.31, respectively. Bland-Altman analysis showed adequate agreement between tele-assessment and face-to-face assessment for all scales. The 5 dimensions affirm the robust feasibility of tele-assessment: assessment time, subjective fatigue perception, overall preference, participant satisfaction, and system usability. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates good parallel-forms reliability, MDC, and promising feasibility of the 4 telerehabilitation version mobility-related function scales (Tele-FMA-LE, Tele-BBS, Tele-POMA-G, and Tele-RMI) in survivors of stroke.